Penerapan Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan Dalam Pemetaan Genangan Air Pada Wilayah Rawan Banjir Menggunakan Google Earth Engine (Studi  Kasus: Kabupaten Demak)

Kenya Cita Ayudhia; Nur Sawiji

Authors

Kenya Cita Ayudhia Universitas Gadjah Mada
Nur Sawiji SDN Bandungrejo 1 Mranggen

Keywords:

Genangan Air, Google Earth Engine, Topographic Position Index, Topographic Wetness Index, Morfometri

Abstract

Banjir merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang sering terjadi di Indonesia, khususnya di wilayah pesisir seperti Kabupaten Demak yang memiliki topografi relatif datar dan sistem drainase kurang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola distribusi spasial dan temporal genangan air, menganalisis karakteristik morfometri wilayah, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan teknologi ramah lingkungan melalui Google Earth Engine (GEE) dalam pemetaan genangan air untuk mendukung mitigasi bencana banjir. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif spasial dengan memanfaatkan citra radar Sentinel-1, data Global Surface Water (GSW), Digital Elevation Model (DEM) SRTM, dan data curah hujan periode 2023-2025. Analisis dilakukan
melalui platform GEE dengan mengintegrasikan parameter morfometri Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) dan Topographic Position Index (TPI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas genangan banjir mengalami fluktuasi dari 8.380 ha (2023), turun menjadi 7.393 ha (2024), kemudian meningkat menjadi 8.171 ha (2025). Persistensi genangan menunjukkan tren peningkatan dengan rata-rata seasonality naik dari 4,07 bulan (2023) menjadi 7,10 bulan (2025), serta occurrence meningkat dari 16,51% menjadi 35,74%. Analisis morfometri mengungkapkan bahwa mayoritas genangan terjadi pada area dengan slope < 2,86° dan nilai TWI > 12, yang mencerminkan kondisi tanah datar dengan potensi akumulasi air tinggi. Penerapan teknologi GEE terbukti efektif dalam pemrosesan data spasial berskala besar dengan efisiensi waktu hingga 85% dan reduksi jejak karbon yang signifikan dibandingkan metode konvensional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi teknologi penginderaan jauh berbasis cloud computing dengan analisis morfometri dapat memberikan solusi inovatif dan berkelanjutan untuk pemetaan genangan air yang mendukung perencanaan mitigasi bencana banjir yang lebih efektif.

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